Open & User
Innovation Society

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Representative Papers

  • Intermediaries and Platforms for Open Innovation

    Diener, K.; Piller, F.; Pollok, P.

    Intermediaries are an inherent part of value creation in open innovation, especially crowdsourcing. They connect organizations seeking external input or solutions for an innovation-related problem (seekers) with potential solution providers (solvers). To bridge between the innovation problem and external knowledge sources, intermediaries deploy different search strategies and offer complementary services. Learn more.

  • The crowdless future? how generative ai is shaping the future of human crowdsourcing

    Boussioux, L; Lane, J. N.; Zhang, M.; Jacimovic, V.; Lakhani, K. R.

    This study investigates the capability of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in creating innovative business solutions compared to human crowdsourcing methods. We initiated a crowdsourcing challenge focused on sustainable, circular economy business opportunities. The challenge attracted a diverse range of solvers from a myriad of countries and industries. Simultaneously, we employed GPT-4 to generate AI solutions using three different prompt levels, each calibrated to simulate distinct human crowd and expert personas. Learn more.

  • Making Time for Social Innovation: How to Interweave Clock Time and Event Time in Open Social Innovation to Nurture Idea Generation and Social Impact

    Fayard, A. L.

    With the growing complexity of social and environmental issues, there has been a blossoming of hackathons and open innovation challenges. This push to accelerate innovation embraces a perspective of time as clock time—conceived as objective, linear, measurable, and therefore, rather easy to compress. Such a view of time conflicts with the emergent nature of idea generation and the indeterminate process that leads to social impact, which both rely on event time. 

    Learn more.

  • When necessity is the mother of disruption: Users versus producers as sources of disruptive innovation

    Preißner, S; Raasch, C.; Schweisfurth, T.

    This study investigates the sources of disruptive innovation. The disruptive innovation literature suggests that these do not originate from existing customers, in contrast to what is predicted by the user innovation literature. We compile a unique content-analytical dataset based on 60 innovations identified as disruptive by the disruptive innovation literature. Using multinomial and binomial regression, we find that 43% of the sample disruptive innovations were originally developed by users. Learn more.

  • User Interaction Interface Design and Innovation Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology

    Li, X.; Zheng, H.; Chen, J.; Zong, Y.; Yu, L.

    At a time when artificial intelligence is widely used in all walks of life, the way users interact with the digital world also needs to incorporate intelligent elements to reduce the cost of connectivity. This cost can be quantified through "experience metrics", which reveal the problems users encounter when using the interface (UI), and make targeted optimization. With AI, deep learning and prediction of user behavior can be achieved to anticipate and address potential barriers to use in UI design. Learn more.

Papers

  • Bolzenius, S., Franke, N., Keinz, P. (2023), “How to Consider Cognitive Abilities of Users in Toolkit Design”, Proceedings of the Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production Conference and the World Mass Customization & Personalization Conference, 120-129.
  • Beck, S., Shah, S., et al. (2022), “The Open Innovation in Science Research Field: a Collaborative Conceptualisation Approach”, Industry and Innovation, 29 (2): 136-185.
  • Oliveira, P., Cennamo C., Zejnilovic L. (2022), “Unlocking Innovation in Healthcare: The Case of the Patient Innovation Platform,” California Management Review.
  • Damberg, S., Liu, Y., Herstatt, C. (2022), “Does Threat of Imitation Lead to Innovation? - The Mediating Roles of Customer and Supplier Co-creation”, 19th Open and User Innovation Conference.
  • Potts, J., Torrance, A.W., Harhoff, D., von Hippel, E. (2021), “Social Welfare Gains from Innovation Commons: Theory, Evidence, and Policy Implications”.
  • Lakhani, K. R., Fayard, A-L, Gkeredakis, M. and Paik, J.H. (2020), "OpenIDEO (B)", Harvard Business Publishing Education, 621-058.
  • Gallus, J., Jeppesen, L. B., Jung, O., Lakhani, K. R., et al. (2020), “Motivating Engagement with Novel Innovation Mechanisms”, Academy of Management Proceedings.
  • Franke, N., Lüthje, C. (2020), “User Innovation”, Oxford Research Encyclopaedia of Business and Management.
  • Potts, J. (2019), “Innovation Commons: The Origin of Economic Growth”, Oxford University Press.
  • DeMonaco, H. J., Oliveira, P., Torrance, A. W. von Hippel, C., von Hippel, E. (2019), "When Patients Become Innovators,” Sloan Management Review, 60 (3): 81-88.
  • Stock, R. M., Heald, S., Holthaus, C., Gillert, N., von Hippel, E. (2018), “Need-solution Pair Recognition Driven by Object Oriented Solution-Finding”, Research Policy, Forthcoming.
  • Weyrauch, T., Herstatt, C. (2017), “What is Frugal Innovation? Three Defining Criteria”, Journal of Frugal Innovation, 2 (1): 1-17
  • Bauer, J., Franke, N. (2016), “Intellectual Property Norms in Online Communities: How User-Organized Intellectual Property Regulation Supports Innovation”, Information Systems Research, 27 (4): 724-750.
  • Harhoff, D., Lakhani, K. R. (2016), “Revolutionizing Innovation: Users, Communities, and Open Innovation”, MIT Press.
  • Shah, S., Tripsas, M. (2016), “When do User Innovators Start Firms? A Theory of User Entrepreneurship”, Revolutionizing Innovation: Users, Communities, and Open Innovation, 285-307.
  • Canhão, H., Oliveira, P., and Zejnilovic, L. (2016) “Patient Innovation – Empowering Patients, Sharing Solutions, Improving Lives”,  The New England Journal of Medicine – Catalyst.
  • de Long, J. P. J., von Hippel, E., Gault, F., Kuusisto, J., Raasch, C. (2015), “Market Failure in the Diffusion of Consumer-Developed Innovations: Patterns in Finland”, Research Policy, 44 (10): 1856-1865.
  • Chen, J., Zhao, X., Wang, Y. (2015), “A New Measurement of Intellectual Capital and its Impact on Innovation Performance in an Open Innovation Paradigm”, International Journal of Technology Management, 67 (1): 1-25.
  • Van de Boor, P., Oliveira, P. and Veloso, F. (2014), “Users as innovators in developing countries: The global sources of innovation and diffusion in mobile banking services,” Research Policy, 43 (9): 1594-1607.
  • Hienerth, C., Lettl, C., Keinz, P. (2014), “Synergies among Producer Firms, Lead Users, and User Communities: The Case of the LEGO Producer-User Ecosystem”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31 (4): 848-866
  • Henkel, J., Schöberl, S., Alexy, O. (2014), “The Emergence of Openness: How and Why Firms Adopt Selective Revealing in Open Innovation”, Research Policy, 43 (5): 879-890.
  • Stock, R. M., Oliveira, P. and von Hippel, E. (2014), “Impacts of Hedonic and Utilitarian User Motives on the Innovativeness of User-Developed Solutions,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32 (3): 389-403.
  • Piller, F., West, J. (2014), “Firms, Users, and Innovation: An Interactive Model of Coupled Innovation”, New Frontiers in Open Innovation, 29-49.
  • Raasch, C., Lee, V., Spaeth, S., Herstatt, C. (2013), “The Rise and Fall of Interdisciplinary Research: the case of Open-Source Innovation”, Research Policy, 42 (5): 1138-1151.
  • Lakhani, K.R., Lifshitz-Assaf, H., Tushman, M. (2013), “Open Innovation and Organizational Boundaries: Task Decomposition, Knowledge Distribution, and the Locus of Innovation”, Handbook of Economic Organization: Integrating Economic and Organization Theory.
  • Boudreau, K. J., Lakhani, K. R. (2013), “Using the Crowd as an Innovation Partner”, Harvard Business Review, 91 (4): 60-9, 140.
  • Gambardella, A., Raasch C., von Hippel, E. (2012), “The User Innovation Paradigm: Impacts on Markets and Welfare”, SSRN.
  • Flowers, S., von Hippel, E., de Jong, J. P. J., Sinozic, T. (2012), “Measuring User Innovation in the UK: The Importance of Product Creation by Users”.
  • Oliveira, P. and E. von Hippel (2011), “Users as Service Innovators: The Case of Banking Services,” Research Policy, 40 (6): 806-818.
  • Hienerth, C., Lettl, C. (2011), “Exploring how Peer Communities Enable Lead User Innovation to Become Standard Equipment in the Industry: Community Pull Effect”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 28 (s1): 175-195.
  • Frey, K., Lüthje, C., Haag, S. (2011), “Whom Should Firms Attract to Open Innovation Platforms? The Role of Knowledge Diversity and Motivation”, Long Range Planning, 44 (5-6): 397-420.
  • von Hippel, E., Ogawa, S., de Jong, J. P. J. (2011), “The Age of the Consumer-Innovator”, MIT Sloan Management Review, 53 (1): 27.
  • Füller, J. (2010). Refining virtual co-creation from a consumer perspective. California management review, 52(2), 98-122.
  • Lüthje, C., Frey, K., Haag, S. (2010), “The Role of Knowledge Diversity and Motivation in Open Innovation Communities”, European Academy of Management.
  • Baldwin, C. Y., von Hippel, E. (2009), “Modelling a Paradigm Shift: from Producer Innovation to User and Open Collaborative Innovation”, Organization Science, 22 (6): 1399-1417.
  • Jeppesen, L. B., Laursen, K. (2009), “The Role of Lead-Users in Knowledge Sharing”, Research Policy, 38 (10): 1582-1589.
  • Gault, F., von Hippel, E. (2009), “The Prevalence of User Innovation and Free Innovation Transfers: Implications for Statistical Indicators and Innovation Policy”, MIT Sloan Research Paper.
  • Strandburg, K. J. (2009), “Accommodating User Innovation in the International Intellectual Property Regime: A Global Administrative Law Approach”.
  • van de Vrande, V., de Jong, J. P. J., Wanhaverbeke, W., de Rochemont, M. (2009), “Open Innovation in SMEs: Trends, Motives, and Management Challenges”, Technovation, 29- (6-7): 423-437
  • Strandburg, K. J. (2008), “Users as Innovators: Implications for Patent Doctrine”, University of Colorado Law Review, 79.
  • Raasch, C., Herstatt, C., Lock, P. (2008), “The Dynamics of User Innovation: Drivers and Impediments of Innovation Activities”, International Journal of Innovation Management, 12 (03): 377-398.
  • Flowers, S., Mateos-Garcia, J., et al. (2008), “The New Inventors: How Users are Changing the Rules of Innovation”.
  • von Hippel, E. (2007), “Horizontal Innovation Network – by and for Users”, Industrial and Corporate Change, 16 (2): 293-315.
  • Shah, S., Tripsas, M. (2007), “The Accidental Entrepreneur: The Emergent and Collective Process of User Entrepreneurship”, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 1 (1-2): 123-140.
  • Hienerth, C., von Hippel, E., Baldwin, C.Y. (2006), “How User Innovations Become Commercial Products: A Theoretical Investigation and Case Study”, Research Policy, 35 (9).
  • Franke, N., von Hippel, E., Schreier, M. (2006), “Finding Commercially Attractive User Innovations: A Test of Lead-User Theory”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 23 (4): 301-315.
  • Lettl, C., Herstatt, C., Gemuenden, H.G. (2006), “Users’ Contribution to Radical Innovation: evidence from four cases in the field of medical equipment technology”, R&D Management, 36 (3): 251-272.
  • Lüthje, C., Herstatt, C., von Hippel, E. (2005), “User-innovators and ‘Local’ Information: The Case of Mountain Biking”, Research Policy, 34 (6): 951-965.
  • Henkel, J., von Hippel, E. (2004), “Welfare Implications of User Innovation”, The Journal of Technology Transfer, 30, 73-87.
  • von Hippel, E., von Krogh, G. (2003), “Open-Source Software and the ‘Private-Collective’ Innovation Model: Issues for the Organization Science”, Organization Science, 14 (2): 209-223.
  • Jeppesen, L. B., Molin, M. J. (2003), “Consumers as Co-Developers: Learning and Innovation Outside the Firm”, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 15 (3): 363-383.
  • Lüthje, C. (2003), “Customers as Co-inventors: An Empirical Analysis of the Antecedents of Customer-driven Innovations in the Field of Medical Equipment”, Proceedings from the 32th EMAC Conference.
  • von Krogh, G., Spaeth, S., Lakhani, K. R. (2003), “Community, Joining, and Specialization in Open-Source Software Innovation: A Case Study”, Research Policy, 32 (7): 1217-1241.
  • Franke, N., Shah, S. (2003), “How Communities Support Innovative Activities: An Exploration of Assistance and Sharing among End-Users”, Research Policy, 32 (1): 157-178.
  • Harhoff, D., Henkel, J., von Hippel, E. (2003), “Profiting from Voluntary Information Spill-overs: How Users benefit from Freely Revealing their Innovations”, Research Policy, 32 (10): 1753-1769.
  • von Hippel, E., Katz, R., (2002), “Shifting Innovation to Users Via Toolkits”, Management Science, 48(7): 821-833.
  • Thomke, S., von Hippel, E. (2002), “Customers as Innovators: A New Way of Create Value”.
  • von Krogh, G., Ichijo, K., Nonaka, I. (2000), “Enabling Knowledge Creation: How to Unlock the Mystery of Tacit Knowledge and Release the Power of Innovation”, Oxford University Press.
  • Herstatt, C., von Hippel, E. (1992), “From Experience: Developing New Product Concepts via the Lead User Method: A Case Study in the ‘Low-Tech’ Field”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 9 (3): 213-221.

Books

  • von Hippel, E. (2017), Free Innovation: How citizens create and share innovations, Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
  • von Hippel, E. (2005), Democratizing Innovation, MIT Press: Cambridge MA.
  • von Hippel, E. (1998), Sources of Innovation, New York: Oxford University Press

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